We have been self-distancing through the COVID-19 pandemic for a few months now. What a wild ride it has been! Despite the number infected – over 1.25 million – and more than 75,000 deaths, many still question the legitimacy of the extraordinary measures that shut down our economy. Uninformed proclamations comparing COVID-19 to the seasonal flu are an affront to anyone who has been sickened or died from this disease. The average length of stay of those hospitalized (especially those requiring ICU care and ventilator support), not to mention the number of deaths, is far greater than with the flu.
Still, should we have shut down the economy? Professors at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University called it a “brutal trade-off: inducing massive economic suffering in order to save human lives.” Their research concludes that not closing the economy ultimately would be much costlier to society, potentially tens of trillions of dollars in addition to major loss of life. Consider it a “damned if you do; damned if you don’t” choice. I am grateful we chose to flatten the curve and save lives.
How do we recover from this mess? Many states are starting to loosen restrictive measures to reopen our economy. Trillions of dollars have been designated for businesses and individual taxpayers. That will help ease some of the financial suffering. But, we have paid a collective price psychologically as well.
The unpredictable factor in this recovery is going to be people. What are we willing to do when we emerge from isolation? Some never really changed their behavior to begin with. For those who did take the pandemic seriously – and still do – it is not as easy as flipping a switch and going back to a pre-coronavirus routine. Predictions for a rapid economic boom assume we will all be hitting the malls and restaurants as if nothing ever happened.
Me? I think I have PCSD – Post Coronavirus Stress Disorder. My habits have changed. My sense of personal space and need for barriers is heightened. I avoid people. It will take me months or longer before I go back into a store and don’t wonder whose germy fingers have been on everything. Interacting with strangers – or even friends I haven’t seen in a while – has a more dangerous feel to it. Consciously or not, we are figuring out what our personal risk tolerance is. Are there too many people in that store? Are the employees at that restaurant being careful enough? We decide with our feet and our pocketbooks.
Some will emerge sooner and more confidently than others. Peggy Noonan, columnist for the Wall Street Journal, called for patience and grace when other people are moving faster or slower in the recovery process than perhaps we think they should. “What will hurt us is secretly rooting for disaster for those who don’t share our priors.” In the church, we refer in jest to some theological differences as “non-salvation issues” over which we can agree to disagree. As we emerge from our coronavirus self-isolation, we should respect that not everyone will be either as cautious or as cavalier as we may be. Extend grace.
The ideal conditions for me personally to feel truly comfortable again would be a) I have been infected (and recovered), and am proven immune, or b) I have been vaccinated. Only then will I regain my more nonchalant attitude toward life. Either of these conditions is imperfect assurance; only time and testing – and good science – will provide clarity on the true COVID-19 status of any of us.
In the meantime, I will continue my new habits (obsessions, really): self-distancing and cleanliness. I will avoid crowds for the foreseeable future. When I attend church services – at least in the beginning – I am at a minimum going to mask myself on entering and exiting, if not the entire service. The last thing I want is to be an undiagnosed carrier who infects an elderly or at-risk fellow church member. In public, I carry disinfectant wipes for use in the grocery store, at the gas pump, etc. Finally, I wash my hands. No, I really scrub them. Lots of bubbles all around. Often. (Admittedly, I still have trouble not touching my face.)
One more thing. Once we have a vaccine, we cannot let the anti-vaxxers and conspiracy theorists have their way. Legislators must remove conscientious and religious exemptions from vaccination requirements.
Eventually – hopefully next year sometime – enough of us will have recovered or been immunized and life truly can return to the pre-coronavirus routine… at least until the next pandemic comes along. Please, can we wait another century for that?
Saturday, May 9, 2020
Sunday, April 12, 2020
What If We Don’t Flatten the COVID-19 Curve?
On April 5, 2020, US Surgeon General Jerome Adams said, “The next week is going to be our Pearl Harbor moment. It’s going to be our 9/11 moment.” The same day Dr. Anthony Fauci, arguably our most trusted spokesperson during this coronavirus crisis, said, “We’ve got to get through this week that is coming up because it is going to be a bad week.” One oft-cited set of projections showed deaths from COVID-19, the illness caused by the novel coronavirus, and resource use (including ICU beds and ventilators) were expected to peak this weekend. That all of this is happening during Easter and Passover only adds to the sorrow.
For those of us in Texas, the wait to peak is a bit longer. Estimates a week ago were for peak resource use on May 6, 2020, but that prediction has now moved up to April 22, with peak in daily deaths on April 24. Texas appears to be flattening the curve. In Angelina County, we have 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of April 9, but only 283 people have been tested so far. We can only hope that the wise and early decisions by our local elected officials, including the Stay Home – Stay Safe order, will have flattened our curve enough to avoid the healthcare crisis experienced in New York, New Orleans, and other cities.
But what if our hopes are unfounded? What if we get a surge of COVID-19 cases beyond what our healthcare system can handle? In New York City, some COVID-19 victims could be temporarily buried in mass graves in a park, as morgues don’t have the capacity to handle the mounting casualties.
Thankfully, doctors across the nation have been giving much thought to this grim prospect. After the 2003 SARS outbreak, North Texas physicians came together to answer that very question: What would they do if a really big pandemic hits and hospitals are overwhelmed? The result was the formation of the North Texas Mass Critical Care Council. The council established that during a time of crisis, the ethical, moral, and medical approach should be that “access to treatment would be based upon the patient’s ability to benefit from it, using objective physiologic criteria.” In other words, medical evidence – rather than insurance status, social standing, what have you – would guide decision-making about which patients are most likely to benefit from ICU interventions when there are not enough ICU beds or ventilators for every patient. The goal – as it should be in any medical crisis – is to save “as many lives as possible.”
In a similar fashion, CommonSpirit Health, the Catholic health system that is the second-largest nonprofit hospital chain in the US (and the parent of CHI St. Luke’s Health Memorial Lufkin), developed Crisis Response Guidelines for Hospital and ICU Triage Allocation. These guidelines are not based on opinion or guesswork. The many criteria used to prioritize who would benefit from ICU and ventilator support are validated in the medical literature and have been compiled to arrive at a robust sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, based on the degree of dysfunction or failure of the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and blood system. This SOFA assessment, well known to emergency and intensive care specialists, is used routinely to predict mortality in any critically ill patient.
Based on SOFA scores and other medical criteria, doctors might determine that an elderly patient with COVID-19 whose organs are functioning well is more likely to recover using a hospital ventilator than a young patient with multiple organs shutting down from the virus, but the decision would be based entirely on whether the treatment is likely to help the patient recover. Doctors are expressly prohibited from considering social status, money or other nonmedical criteria when making these decisions. The last thing doctors want to be accused of is indiscriminately playing God.
A recent Wall Street Journal opinion implied that merely considering apocalyptic scenarios would lead to legalizing euthanasia, and that not having guidelines (and thereby wasting resources on those that would not benefit) was morally superior to sound medical decision making. Texas Health and Safety Code §166.009 acknowledges that sometimes difficult choices have to be made and states that provision of life-sustaining treatment is not required if it “cannot be provided to a patient without denying the same treatment to another patient.” There is a larger problem of futile care in this country that did not start with the coronavirus pandemic and it won’t end once this virus is under control.
Crisis guidelines are not written to decide who lives and who dies; they help direct the most aggressive care to those who are most likely to benefit so that the most lives can be saved. Regardless, all patients are to be treated with dignity and receive appropriate and compassionate care. If I, as a physician and community leader, have little to no chance of survival if placed on a ventilator – based on solid medical criteria – but an illegal immigrant (for example) has a good chance of survival, guess who gets the ventilator? Not me. And that is the way it should be.
We must continue to follow the social distancing recommendations of our city, county, and health district leaders in order to minimize the impact of the coronavirus locally. We can do this – we ARE doing this. As the Lufkin/Angelina County Chamber of Commerce is encouraging us, we are #BetterTogether and #AngelinaStrong.
For those of us in Texas, the wait to peak is a bit longer. Estimates a week ago were for peak resource use on May 6, 2020, but that prediction has now moved up to April 22, with peak in daily deaths on April 24. Texas appears to be flattening the curve. In Angelina County, we have 16 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of April 9, but only 283 people have been tested so far. We can only hope that the wise and early decisions by our local elected officials, including the Stay Home – Stay Safe order, will have flattened our curve enough to avoid the healthcare crisis experienced in New York, New Orleans, and other cities.
But what if our hopes are unfounded? What if we get a surge of COVID-19 cases beyond what our healthcare system can handle? In New York City, some COVID-19 victims could be temporarily buried in mass graves in a park, as morgues don’t have the capacity to handle the mounting casualties.
Thankfully, doctors across the nation have been giving much thought to this grim prospect. After the 2003 SARS outbreak, North Texas physicians came together to answer that very question: What would they do if a really big pandemic hits and hospitals are overwhelmed? The result was the formation of the North Texas Mass Critical Care Council. The council established that during a time of crisis, the ethical, moral, and medical approach should be that “access to treatment would be based upon the patient’s ability to benefit from it, using objective physiologic criteria.” In other words, medical evidence – rather than insurance status, social standing, what have you – would guide decision-making about which patients are most likely to benefit from ICU interventions when there are not enough ICU beds or ventilators for every patient. The goal – as it should be in any medical crisis – is to save “as many lives as possible.”
In a similar fashion, CommonSpirit Health, the Catholic health system that is the second-largest nonprofit hospital chain in the US (and the parent of CHI St. Luke’s Health Memorial Lufkin), developed Crisis Response Guidelines for Hospital and ICU Triage Allocation. These guidelines are not based on opinion or guesswork. The many criteria used to prioritize who would benefit from ICU and ventilator support are validated in the medical literature and have been compiled to arrive at a robust sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, based on the degree of dysfunction or failure of the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and blood system. This SOFA assessment, well known to emergency and intensive care specialists, is used routinely to predict mortality in any critically ill patient.
Based on SOFA scores and other medical criteria, doctors might determine that an elderly patient with COVID-19 whose organs are functioning well is more likely to recover using a hospital ventilator than a young patient with multiple organs shutting down from the virus, but the decision would be based entirely on whether the treatment is likely to help the patient recover. Doctors are expressly prohibited from considering social status, money or other nonmedical criteria when making these decisions. The last thing doctors want to be accused of is indiscriminately playing God.
A recent Wall Street Journal opinion implied that merely considering apocalyptic scenarios would lead to legalizing euthanasia, and that not having guidelines (and thereby wasting resources on those that would not benefit) was morally superior to sound medical decision making. Texas Health and Safety Code §166.009 acknowledges that sometimes difficult choices have to be made and states that provision of life-sustaining treatment is not required if it “cannot be provided to a patient without denying the same treatment to another patient.” There is a larger problem of futile care in this country that did not start with the coronavirus pandemic and it won’t end once this virus is under control.
Crisis guidelines are not written to decide who lives and who dies; they help direct the most aggressive care to those who are most likely to benefit so that the most lives can be saved. Regardless, all patients are to be treated with dignity and receive appropriate and compassionate care. If I, as a physician and community leader, have little to no chance of survival if placed on a ventilator – based on solid medical criteria – but an illegal immigrant (for example) has a good chance of survival, guess who gets the ventilator? Not me. And that is the way it should be.
We must continue to follow the social distancing recommendations of our city, county, and health district leaders in order to minimize the impact of the coronavirus locally. We can do this – we ARE doing this. As the Lufkin/Angelina County Chamber of Commerce is encouraging us, we are #BetterTogether and #AngelinaStrong.
Sunday, March 29, 2020
End-of-Life Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic
We are early in this coronavirus game of social distancing and hand washing. We haven’t quite become weary of it. We joke about it. And yet, I am starting to see – among my friends – some very real concern about our elder parents and grandparents. But we don’t allow ourselves to linger on those thoughts much. We should.
The United States has been accused of being late to respond to the coronavirus pandemic, late to test our US population compared to other countries (South Korea, for example), and “doomed” in our response. Even so, we are just beginning the initial rise of the now well-known bell curve of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Known cases are doubling every day, it seems. Deaths are increasing as well.
As a cancer physician with additional hospice and palliative medicine (end-of-life care) certification, I view the coronavirus pandemic with increasingly darkened lenses. Coronavirus is a new and immediate threat to life, and we are not ready for what that means. If we don’t succeed in slowing the spread of coronavirus and suppressing new cases – now widely known as flattening the curve – 2.2 million people in the US could die. We are not talking openly – publicly –about how we are going to handle this massive number of deaths with COVID-19.
If the coronavirus epidemic is as bad as some predict it will be, discussions about end-of-life care with this disease will soon become front and center. There may not be enough ventilators for everyone who “needs” ventilator support. Italy has been forced to triage sick coronavirus patients based on age, given that the death rate among the elderly is so high. Italian doctors have admitted that there were simply too many patients for each one of them to receive adequate care. They describe a “tsunami” of patients and a more than 7% death rate (though researchers have lowered the calculated death rate in Wuhan, where the pandemic started, to 1.4%). Preliminary outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the US show death is highest in persons aged ≥85, ranging from 10% to 27%, followed by 3% to 11% among persons aged 65–84 years.
The Italian society of anesthesiologists issued fifteen recommendations of ethical and medical criteria to consider if ICU beds are exhausted, saying doctors may have to adopt more wartime triage criteria of gauging who has the best chance of survival versus “first come, first served.” Those who are chronically ill with pre-existing lung disease, even if they survive a serious coronavirus infection, are likely to be left with even further reduced lung function and poorer quality of life.
Unlike a localized disaster – most memorably Hurricane Katrina, in New Orleans in 2005, where healthcare decision-making received intense scrutiny and prompted legal action – we are experiencing a global, acute healthcare emergency that may require historic moral and ethical decisions that impact who lives and who dies. We will be rationing healthcare on the fly. Are we ready for that? As family members? As a community? As a nation? Are our hospices ready for the number of patients needing immediate, short-duration, and contagion-related end-of-life care?
Perhaps the most terrifying aspect of the coronavirus epidemic in countries where death has become frighteningly common is the loneliness of the death. Hospitals in the US are already limiting or even forbidding visitors. In Italy, seriously ill coronavirus patients are isolated from family and often die alone. Families are not allowed to have a proper burial, and not just due to restrictions on gathering – morgues have an enormous backlog to work through. That is certainly not what we would call a “good death” and not what those of us in the hospice care field want for any patient.
Trump has labeled himself a wartime president, declaring we are at war with an invisible enemy. "Now it's our time. We must sacrifice together, because we are all in this together, and we will come through together," he said. What is not stated – and what I am afraid will happen – is the wartime sacrifice analogy will extend to real lives lost. In an ironic twist of fate, it very well may be that the remnants of the Greatest Generation are once again on the front lines. Even down to the Baby Boomers, our nation’s elders will bear the brunt of the coronavirus disease, certainly, but likely the financial catastrophe surrounding the pandemic as well. (I wonder if the economic collapse will kill as many or more people than coronavirus does.)
The time is now to have discussions with our older/elderly parents and grandparents about the very real risk of serious illness and death from COVID-19. Wills need to be written and advance directives and durable powers of attorney completed now – before our loved ones hit the hospitals. This is not morbid; it is both pragmatic and necessary. If we emerge from this battle relatively unscathed, we are no worse off for having had the discussions and done the planning. Patients and families should be driving end-of-life care decisions. We owe it to our hospitals and healthcare workers not to overburden the system with trying to care for those who neither want nor would benefit from aggressive measures.
The United States has been accused of being late to respond to the coronavirus pandemic, late to test our US population compared to other countries (South Korea, for example), and “doomed” in our response. Even so, we are just beginning the initial rise of the now well-known bell curve of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Known cases are doubling every day, it seems. Deaths are increasing as well.
As a cancer physician with additional hospice and palliative medicine (end-of-life care) certification, I view the coronavirus pandemic with increasingly darkened lenses. Coronavirus is a new and immediate threat to life, and we are not ready for what that means. If we don’t succeed in slowing the spread of coronavirus and suppressing new cases – now widely known as flattening the curve – 2.2 million people in the US could die. We are not talking openly – publicly –about how we are going to handle this massive number of deaths with COVID-19.
If the coronavirus epidemic is as bad as some predict it will be, discussions about end-of-life care with this disease will soon become front and center. There may not be enough ventilators for everyone who “needs” ventilator support. Italy has been forced to triage sick coronavirus patients based on age, given that the death rate among the elderly is so high. Italian doctors have admitted that there were simply too many patients for each one of them to receive adequate care. They describe a “tsunami” of patients and a more than 7% death rate (though researchers have lowered the calculated death rate in Wuhan, where the pandemic started, to 1.4%). Preliminary outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in the US show death is highest in persons aged ≥85, ranging from 10% to 27%, followed by 3% to 11% among persons aged 65–84 years.
The Italian society of anesthesiologists issued fifteen recommendations of ethical and medical criteria to consider if ICU beds are exhausted, saying doctors may have to adopt more wartime triage criteria of gauging who has the best chance of survival versus “first come, first served.” Those who are chronically ill with pre-existing lung disease, even if they survive a serious coronavirus infection, are likely to be left with even further reduced lung function and poorer quality of life.
Unlike a localized disaster – most memorably Hurricane Katrina, in New Orleans in 2005, where healthcare decision-making received intense scrutiny and prompted legal action – we are experiencing a global, acute healthcare emergency that may require historic moral and ethical decisions that impact who lives and who dies. We will be rationing healthcare on the fly. Are we ready for that? As family members? As a community? As a nation? Are our hospices ready for the number of patients needing immediate, short-duration, and contagion-related end-of-life care?
Perhaps the most terrifying aspect of the coronavirus epidemic in countries where death has become frighteningly common is the loneliness of the death. Hospitals in the US are already limiting or even forbidding visitors. In Italy, seriously ill coronavirus patients are isolated from family and often die alone. Families are not allowed to have a proper burial, and not just due to restrictions on gathering – morgues have an enormous backlog to work through. That is certainly not what we would call a “good death” and not what those of us in the hospice care field want for any patient.
Trump has labeled himself a wartime president, declaring we are at war with an invisible enemy. "Now it's our time. We must sacrifice together, because we are all in this together, and we will come through together," he said. What is not stated – and what I am afraid will happen – is the wartime sacrifice analogy will extend to real lives lost. In an ironic twist of fate, it very well may be that the remnants of the Greatest Generation are once again on the front lines. Even down to the Baby Boomers, our nation’s elders will bear the brunt of the coronavirus disease, certainly, but likely the financial catastrophe surrounding the pandemic as well. (I wonder if the economic collapse will kill as many or more people than coronavirus does.)
The time is now to have discussions with our older/elderly parents and grandparents about the very real risk of serious illness and death from COVID-19. Wills need to be written and advance directives and durable powers of attorney completed now – before our loved ones hit the hospitals. This is not morbid; it is both pragmatic and necessary. If we emerge from this battle relatively unscathed, we are no worse off for having had the discussions and done the planning. Patients and families should be driving end-of-life care decisions. We owe it to our hospitals and healthcare workers not to overburden the system with trying to care for those who neither want nor would benefit from aggressive measures.
Sunday, March 8, 2020
DETCOG, Broadband and Health
Can you hear me now? That phrase, made popular by Verizon Wireless in the early 2000s, epitomizes the frustration of rural America over lack of reliable cell phone coverage. To this day – despite what cell phone carriers like AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon advertise – coverage in many areas (including at my house inside the Lufkin, Texas city limits) is suboptimal. AT&T’s answer? Just use WiFi calling! That may work for me; I have adequate internet access. But what about the majority of deep East Texans? More than just being an inconvenience, poor cell phone coverage and inadequate broadband access are harming our health.
Broadband is the infrastructure and information technology network that delivers high speed connectivity to the internet. Think of broadband as a pipeline of information. As with any pipeline, the rate of flow (water, gas, data, etc.) can depend on the number of users, time of day, and reliability of service. But you have to be able to connect to the pipeline.
In the early days, the internet was accessed through slow, often expensive dial-up connections. Today, high speed or broadband internet access is via DSL (or Digital Subscriber Line), fiber-optic, wireless, cable, and satellite services, often bundled with phone and TV subscriptions.
Broadband access is about more than faster access to Facebook and Instagram. Increasingly, reliable and high-speed internet access is important for community health. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which is responsible for regulating the radio, television and phone industries, established a Connect2HealthFCC Task Force to raise consumer awareness about the value of broadband in the health and care sectors. You may know about heart-healthy diet and recipe apps and wearable fitness trackers, but did you know that we now have medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and neuro-monitoring systems that can utilize wireless technology to control or program a medical device remotely and monitor and transmit patient data from the medical device to the healthcare team? Those without internet access can get delayed and inadequate care.
Maps showing lack of broadband coverage look just like maps of poor, rural America where healthcare is also lacking. In Kentucky, for example, the same areas where higher rates of lung cancer are seen are those with limited broadband access. These county-by-county maps are similar to what we see in deep East Texas with cancer deaths and health outcomes. This does not mean that lack of broadband access causes lung cancer, obviously! But the social determinants of health (such as education level and income) that are associated with smoking, lung cancer, heart disease, obesity, and overall health outcomes, are more pronounced in areas with limited broadband access.
So how could access to broadband increase the health of a community? The FCC believes that “broadband-enabled technology solutions can help us meet the health and care challenges of today and tomorrow by connection people to the people, services and information they need to get well and stay healthy.” Possible solutions that are especially important in deep East Texas include telehealth and telemedicine for improved access to physicians and specialists (including mental health services), health information technology and access, fall detectors, pharmacy connectivity, personal health data upload capability, and connectivity to hospitals and emergency rooms. With a growing and aging population compounded by a shortage of primary care physicians nationwide estimated in the tens of thousands –especially pronounced in rural areas – remote connectivity options for healthcare become even more important.
The Deep East Texas Council of Governments (DETCOG), under the leadership of Executive Director Lonnie Hunt, recently received a report titled Deep East Texas Broadband Growth Strategy, which detailed the potential economic growth (10,300 new jobs and $1.4 billion in GDP growth over 10 years) and growth in median household income associated with near complete broadband access, a loft goal. In IT, education, and telehealth alone, investments have the potential to impact the region with 2,500 jobs and $300 million in GDP over the next ten years.
DETCOG’s goal is to support development of a regional fiber optic-based broadband network throughout its twelve-county region. They hope to do this through creation of a non-profit or other entity that would manage the project, bring the necessary partners together to accomplish the goals, and oversee planning, financing, and implementation of the regional broadband network. Full implementation realistically will cost hundreds of millions of dollars. But it doesn’t have to all come at once.
In February, with support from the TLL Temple Foundation, DETCOG started the process to contract with a major law firm with offices in Washington, DC, to create an entity to manage broadband in East Texas. Funding such an entity and project will not be easy. Other COGs have tapped into grants like the FCC’s Rural Health Care Program, which provides funding to eligible health care providers for telecommunications and broadband services necessary for the provision of health care. Electric and telephone cooperatives, public utilities, internet providers, local, state, and federal entities, and foundations can and should play a role.
Do you hear me now? We must support DETCOG’s vision for a fiber optic network for all of deep East Texas. This will be a long term project requiring many players, both public and private, to accomplish. We need – we must have – high-speed broadband access in our entire region for jobs, for the economy, and for our health.
Broadband is the infrastructure and information technology network that delivers high speed connectivity to the internet. Think of broadband as a pipeline of information. As with any pipeline, the rate of flow (water, gas, data, etc.) can depend on the number of users, time of day, and reliability of service. But you have to be able to connect to the pipeline.
In the early days, the internet was accessed through slow, often expensive dial-up connections. Today, high speed or broadband internet access is via DSL (or Digital Subscriber Line), fiber-optic, wireless, cable, and satellite services, often bundled with phone and TV subscriptions.
Broadband access is about more than faster access to Facebook and Instagram. Increasingly, reliable and high-speed internet access is important for community health. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which is responsible for regulating the radio, television and phone industries, established a Connect2HealthFCC Task Force to raise consumer awareness about the value of broadband in the health and care sectors. You may know about heart-healthy diet and recipe apps and wearable fitness trackers, but did you know that we now have medical devices like pacemakers, defibrillators, glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and neuro-monitoring systems that can utilize wireless technology to control or program a medical device remotely and monitor and transmit patient data from the medical device to the healthcare team? Those without internet access can get delayed and inadequate care.
Maps showing lack of broadband coverage look just like maps of poor, rural America where healthcare is also lacking. In Kentucky, for example, the same areas where higher rates of lung cancer are seen are those with limited broadband access. These county-by-county maps are similar to what we see in deep East Texas with cancer deaths and health outcomes. This does not mean that lack of broadband access causes lung cancer, obviously! But the social determinants of health (such as education level and income) that are associated with smoking, lung cancer, heart disease, obesity, and overall health outcomes, are more pronounced in areas with limited broadband access.
So how could access to broadband increase the health of a community? The FCC believes that “broadband-enabled technology solutions can help us meet the health and care challenges of today and tomorrow by connection people to the people, services and information they need to get well and stay healthy.” Possible solutions that are especially important in deep East Texas include telehealth and telemedicine for improved access to physicians and specialists (including mental health services), health information technology and access, fall detectors, pharmacy connectivity, personal health data upload capability, and connectivity to hospitals and emergency rooms. With a growing and aging population compounded by a shortage of primary care physicians nationwide estimated in the tens of thousands –especially pronounced in rural areas – remote connectivity options for healthcare become even more important.
The Deep East Texas Council of Governments (DETCOG), under the leadership of Executive Director Lonnie Hunt, recently received a report titled Deep East Texas Broadband Growth Strategy, which detailed the potential economic growth (10,300 new jobs and $1.4 billion in GDP growth over 10 years) and growth in median household income associated with near complete broadband access, a loft goal. In IT, education, and telehealth alone, investments have the potential to impact the region with 2,500 jobs and $300 million in GDP over the next ten years.
DETCOG’s goal is to support development of a regional fiber optic-based broadband network throughout its twelve-county region. They hope to do this through creation of a non-profit or other entity that would manage the project, bring the necessary partners together to accomplish the goals, and oversee planning, financing, and implementation of the regional broadband network. Full implementation realistically will cost hundreds of millions of dollars. But it doesn’t have to all come at once.
In February, with support from the TLL Temple Foundation, DETCOG started the process to contract with a major law firm with offices in Washington, DC, to create an entity to manage broadband in East Texas. Funding such an entity and project will not be easy. Other COGs have tapped into grants like the FCC’s Rural Health Care Program, which provides funding to eligible health care providers for telecommunications and broadband services necessary for the provision of health care. Electric and telephone cooperatives, public utilities, internet providers, local, state, and federal entities, and foundations can and should play a role.
Do you hear me now? We must support DETCOG’s vision for a fiber optic network for all of deep East Texas. This will be a long term project requiring many players, both public and private, to accomplish. We need – we must have – high-speed broadband access in our entire region for jobs, for the economy, and for our health.
Sunday, February 9, 2020
An Accurate Census – Our Health Depends on It!
When I was a skinny, naïve teenager, I worked the summer of 1980 for the US Census Bureau going door to door, pencil in hand, filling out census forms. Or rather, I went trailer park to trailer park in the outskirts of Odessa, Texas, where I was assigned to work. Do you know how many pit bulls and Doberman pinschers live under the steps of trailer houses in West Texas? I do. Fortunately, that was not one of the census questions.
The US Census counts each resident of the country, where they live on April 1, every ten years ending in zero. The count is mandated by the Constitution to determine how to apportion the House of Representatives among the states. The US has counted its population every ten years since 1790. Households will be able to respond to the 2020 Census online, over the phone, or through a paper questionnaire. Results are anonymous and confidential; answers cannot be used against you by any government agency or court.
My appreciation for the US Census has grown tremendously since my days walking trailer parks. Far beyond being a simple head count, an incredible $1.5 trillion in federal dollars are distributed according to census counts. Myriad local and state governments, businesses, and community groups rely on US Census data to determine needs, guide investments, provide services, and lobby for state and federal funding. If the count isn’t accurate, the distribution of funds isn’t fair. We have one shot every ten years to get it right.
Healthcare in particular has much at stake if the US Census does not get accurate information. As I love to mention, the healthcare sector drives our local economy. The State of Texas cannot ignore the healthcare sector either. Elena Marks, president and CEO of the Episcopal Health Foundation, states, “No sector is as dependent within the state budget in drawing down federal funds than the health sector, and those funds are based on population that's determined by the Census. Health clearly stands the most to gain, and the most to lose if there's an undercount.” In fact, experts estimate that a 1% undercount in the Census could cost Texans about $280 million per year for health programs alone. Current forecasts predict anywhere from a 4%-8% undercount in Texas.
From political representation to federal funding for clinics, Medicaid, the children's health insurance program and much more, a complete and accurate Census count is crucial for community health – especially for low-income and vulnerable populations like many in deep East Texas. The $1.5 trillion in federal money guided by census data helps fund the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicaid, Medicare, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and community health centers funded through the Health Resources and Services Administration Health Center Program. Indivar Dutta-Gupta, co-executive director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Georgetown Law, notes that the groups that tend to be undercounted at the highest rate, unsurprisingly, are also the ones that would probably most benefit from greater access to and provision of health care and coverage.
The Census is also fundamental for population health data, including calculation of death rates, birth rates, and fertility rates. A recent journal article titled Census 2020—A Preventable Public Health Catastrophe points out that population counts provide denominators used to derive disease prevalence and rates. Inaccurate counts limit our ability to understand and track disease over time. If we cannot accurately stratify our populations by social factors such as education and race/ethnicity, we cannot assess their relationships to health. Rural populations with spotty Internet connectivity are also likely to be undercounted. Simply put, if we can’t measure social disparities in health, we are hindered in working to reduce them. Given our history of hurricanes, we need to understand that a flawed Census will compromise efforts to track and effectively manage natural disasters and emergent public health threats (coronavirus?), which require geographically focused provision of food, water, and shelter.
Lately, it seems as if politics gets in the way of everything. We must understand that federal dollars follow people. More people counted equals more funding coming our way. Whether or not we like with the ways those dollars are raised or spent, we should all agree that we deserve our fair share of whatever dollars are distributed. An accurate US Census is something we should all be able to count on and get behind!
The US Census counts each resident of the country, where they live on April 1, every ten years ending in zero. The count is mandated by the Constitution to determine how to apportion the House of Representatives among the states. The US has counted its population every ten years since 1790. Households will be able to respond to the 2020 Census online, over the phone, or through a paper questionnaire. Results are anonymous and confidential; answers cannot be used against you by any government agency or court.
My appreciation for the US Census has grown tremendously since my days walking trailer parks. Far beyond being a simple head count, an incredible $1.5 trillion in federal dollars are distributed according to census counts. Myriad local and state governments, businesses, and community groups rely on US Census data to determine needs, guide investments, provide services, and lobby for state and federal funding. If the count isn’t accurate, the distribution of funds isn’t fair. We have one shot every ten years to get it right.
Healthcare in particular has much at stake if the US Census does not get accurate information. As I love to mention, the healthcare sector drives our local economy. The State of Texas cannot ignore the healthcare sector either. Elena Marks, president and CEO of the Episcopal Health Foundation, states, “No sector is as dependent within the state budget in drawing down federal funds than the health sector, and those funds are based on population that's determined by the Census. Health clearly stands the most to gain, and the most to lose if there's an undercount.” In fact, experts estimate that a 1% undercount in the Census could cost Texans about $280 million per year for health programs alone. Current forecasts predict anywhere from a 4%-8% undercount in Texas.
From political representation to federal funding for clinics, Medicaid, the children's health insurance program and much more, a complete and accurate Census count is crucial for community health – especially for low-income and vulnerable populations like many in deep East Texas. The $1.5 trillion in federal money guided by census data helps fund the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), Medicaid, Medicare, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and community health centers funded through the Health Resources and Services Administration Health Center Program. Indivar Dutta-Gupta, co-executive director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Georgetown Law, notes that the groups that tend to be undercounted at the highest rate, unsurprisingly, are also the ones that would probably most benefit from greater access to and provision of health care and coverage.
The Census is also fundamental for population health data, including calculation of death rates, birth rates, and fertility rates. A recent journal article titled Census 2020—A Preventable Public Health Catastrophe points out that population counts provide denominators used to derive disease prevalence and rates. Inaccurate counts limit our ability to understand and track disease over time. If we cannot accurately stratify our populations by social factors such as education and race/ethnicity, we cannot assess their relationships to health. Rural populations with spotty Internet connectivity are also likely to be undercounted. Simply put, if we can’t measure social disparities in health, we are hindered in working to reduce them. Given our history of hurricanes, we need to understand that a flawed Census will compromise efforts to track and effectively manage natural disasters and emergent public health threats (coronavirus?), which require geographically focused provision of food, water, and shelter.
Lately, it seems as if politics gets in the way of everything. We must understand that federal dollars follow people. More people counted equals more funding coming our way. Whether or not we like with the ways those dollars are raised or spent, we should all agree that we deserve our fair share of whatever dollars are distributed. An accurate US Census is something we should all be able to count on and get behind!
Sunday, January 12, 2020
The Graduation Speech I Would Give
Facebook and YouTube are full of graduation speeches that go viral and become memes representing personal life views, political stances, or just feel good, philosophical pablum. Usually, speakers invite you to follow your passion, love what you do, and learn to overcome failure. In other words, graduation speeches motivate you to change the world (like the speaker has) but provide little, if any, real life advice.
That’s not to say the speeches aren’t inspirational.
One address by Naval Adm. William H. McRaven at the University of Texas in 2014 has garnered more than 10 million views on YouTube. McRaven’s speech famously opined, “If you want to change the world, start off by making your bed.” He explained, “If you can’t do the little things right, you’ll never be able to do the big things right.” Coming from a Navy admiral, the importance of discipline is sound.
Denzel Washington’s speech at Dillard University, a private, historically black, liberal arts university in New Orleans, Louisiana, has 21 million YouTube views. Denzel’s advice? “Put God first in everything you do.” Having a spiritual foundation in life is wise counsel.
For even more YouTube views, check out Steve Jobs’ 2005 Commencement Address at Stanford University, which has racked up 33 million views. Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, urged graduates to “Follow your heart,” saying, “The only way to do great work is to love what you do.” Passion can certainly keep you going when life throws you curves.
Most graduation speeches I’ve heard or read suggest believing in yourself and having the right attitude will result in success – success meaning significant global impact or financial gain. Is that what graduates want or need to hear? Having finished high school 40 years ago, I got to thinking about what practical advice I wish I had gotten back in 1979.
One of the most important lessons I learned is that making money rarely equates with true success. There is a joke that goes, “How much money does it take to live in New York City?” ”All you have!” Of course, this can apply to living anywhere, if we are always chasing the bigger apartment and the more expensive car. True success is not about accumulation of wealth. Learn early to separate financial gain from successful living.
That being said, you still must save and plan for the future. My parents set the expectation early on that my brothers and I were to get an education and make a living on our own to be able to save and support a family. That was their minimum definition of success. I’d love to hear a graduation speech that focused on saving. Saving should start early. With the first paycheck you bring home (and every one thereafter), set aside some to save.
But don’t just save; give! Yes, you work for you. But it’s not all about you. Give of your time, talent, and treasure to support causes that you believe in (religious, civic, non-profit, etc.). Then live within your means with whatever you have left. Occasional splurges can be planned, but don’t borrow to keep up with the Joneses. That is playing with fire. A major illness (like cancer) at any age can trigger unbelievable expense and a significant risk of bankruptcy. The focus on inequality or “keeping up” breeds jealousy. Equal work does not guarantee equal results, much less equal pay. You can’t live your life comparing yourself to others. Yes, fight for justice. But do your own work without resentment when others happen to have more financial success, fame, or glory. Don’t envy.
Happiness, especially if based on accumulation of things, is fleeting and deceptive. Joy, on the other hand, is a mindset. One of the most joyful people I’ve ever known never had a dime to her name. Reverend Bettie Kennedy was too busy giving whatever she had away, feeding and clothing others. Learn to give.
The Protestant Reformation brought with it the idea of our vocation as our calling, indicating the spiritual nature or our work. Whether Martin Luther actually said it or not, the idea that even a milkmaid can milk cows to the glory of God is encouragement to find meaning in even our most trivial tasks. When we do, we don’t cut corners. We always put forth our best effort. And we treat each person we interact with as the most important person there is at that moment. View your own work as a calling and your interaction with others as your ministry. Love God; love others. Simple to say; hard to do.
Don’t forget to make time for yourself. Burnout is real in any profession. Maintaining your mental and spiritual health is just as important as your physical health, maybe even more so. Learn to retreat.
Finally, expect to regret certain decisions, actions, roads taken. I don’t believe anyone who says they never regretted anything they’ve ever done. In fact, I feel sorry for them. That attitude exposes a selfish view of a life lived with callous disregard for any hurt inflicted on others, much less yourself. A life without regret is a life without grace. Embrace grace.
To summarize, the best graduation advice I can give is to save often, give freely, live within your means, treat your work as a calling (but take a break every once in a while), treat others with dignity, and accept and extend grace. Success is not found at the journey’s end; it is embodied in the life well-lived. Sounds like good New Year’s advice as well.
That’s not to say the speeches aren’t inspirational.
One address by Naval Adm. William H. McRaven at the University of Texas in 2014 has garnered more than 10 million views on YouTube. McRaven’s speech famously opined, “If you want to change the world, start off by making your bed.” He explained, “If you can’t do the little things right, you’ll never be able to do the big things right.” Coming from a Navy admiral, the importance of discipline is sound.
Denzel Washington’s speech at Dillard University, a private, historically black, liberal arts university in New Orleans, Louisiana, has 21 million YouTube views. Denzel’s advice? “Put God first in everything you do.” Having a spiritual foundation in life is wise counsel.
For even more YouTube views, check out Steve Jobs’ 2005 Commencement Address at Stanford University, which has racked up 33 million views. Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple, urged graduates to “Follow your heart,” saying, “The only way to do great work is to love what you do.” Passion can certainly keep you going when life throws you curves.
Most graduation speeches I’ve heard or read suggest believing in yourself and having the right attitude will result in success – success meaning significant global impact or financial gain. Is that what graduates want or need to hear? Having finished high school 40 years ago, I got to thinking about what practical advice I wish I had gotten back in 1979.
One of the most important lessons I learned is that making money rarely equates with true success. There is a joke that goes, “How much money does it take to live in New York City?” ”All you have!” Of course, this can apply to living anywhere, if we are always chasing the bigger apartment and the more expensive car. True success is not about accumulation of wealth. Learn early to separate financial gain from successful living.
That being said, you still must save and plan for the future. My parents set the expectation early on that my brothers and I were to get an education and make a living on our own to be able to save and support a family. That was their minimum definition of success. I’d love to hear a graduation speech that focused on saving. Saving should start early. With the first paycheck you bring home (and every one thereafter), set aside some to save.
But don’t just save; give! Yes, you work for you. But it’s not all about you. Give of your time, talent, and treasure to support causes that you believe in (religious, civic, non-profit, etc.). Then live within your means with whatever you have left. Occasional splurges can be planned, but don’t borrow to keep up with the Joneses. That is playing with fire. A major illness (like cancer) at any age can trigger unbelievable expense and a significant risk of bankruptcy. The focus on inequality or “keeping up” breeds jealousy. Equal work does not guarantee equal results, much less equal pay. You can’t live your life comparing yourself to others. Yes, fight for justice. But do your own work without resentment when others happen to have more financial success, fame, or glory. Don’t envy.
Happiness, especially if based on accumulation of things, is fleeting and deceptive. Joy, on the other hand, is a mindset. One of the most joyful people I’ve ever known never had a dime to her name. Reverend Bettie Kennedy was too busy giving whatever she had away, feeding and clothing others. Learn to give.
The Protestant Reformation brought with it the idea of our vocation as our calling, indicating the spiritual nature or our work. Whether Martin Luther actually said it or not, the idea that even a milkmaid can milk cows to the glory of God is encouragement to find meaning in even our most trivial tasks. When we do, we don’t cut corners. We always put forth our best effort. And we treat each person we interact with as the most important person there is at that moment. View your own work as a calling and your interaction with others as your ministry. Love God; love others. Simple to say; hard to do.
Don’t forget to make time for yourself. Burnout is real in any profession. Maintaining your mental and spiritual health is just as important as your physical health, maybe even more so. Learn to retreat.
Finally, expect to regret certain decisions, actions, roads taken. I don’t believe anyone who says they never regretted anything they’ve ever done. In fact, I feel sorry for them. That attitude exposes a selfish view of a life lived with callous disregard for any hurt inflicted on others, much less yourself. A life without regret is a life without grace. Embrace grace.
To summarize, the best graduation advice I can give is to save often, give freely, live within your means, treat your work as a calling (but take a break every once in a while), treat others with dignity, and accept and extend grace. Success is not found at the journey’s end; it is embodied in the life well-lived. Sounds like good New Year’s advice as well.
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Modifying Your Alzheimer’s Risk
One of the most feared illnesses today is Alzheimer’s disease. Aloysius Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, first described the characteristic brain changes and associated dementia more than one hundred years ago. Despite the rapid advance of medicine and technology over the intervening century, we still know far too little about this devastating and incurable disease.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s dementia requires expensive testing looking for particular damage due to accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau protein, which cause the signature plaques and tangles in the brain. As a result, many patients with dementia never get tested and may not get labeled with actual Alzheimer’s disease. Regardless, most dementia – 80% – is the result of Alzheimer’s.
Alzheimer’s disease can last more than a decade, starting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and relentlessly progressing to more difficulty solving problems, personality changes, getting lost, forgetting people or significant life events, and ultimately losing the ability to care for oneself, to toilet, to speak, to walk. Some people progress more rapidly than others. The Alzheimer’s Association website https://www.alz.org/ can be a great resource for caregivers or those wanting more information.
Unfortunately, currently available prescription medications, which may help somewhat with mental function, mood, behavior, and ability to perform activities of daily living (like bathing, dressing, eating, etc.), do little to change the course of the illness or the rate of decline. We don’t yet have a magic bullet.
Genetic factors can increase risk of dementia, but most dementia cases occur sporadically in older adults in whom multiple genes influence risk. We cannot – yet – modify our genes. Changing our lifestyle, however, is one way to improve the odds of developing dementia, even for those with high genetic risk. Many of the dietary and lifestyle habits and activities recommended to improve overall health (think heart disease, cancer, diabetes) may also be of some benefit with dementia.
One Mediterranean-type diet, which researchers named the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, focuses on foods that impact brain health: leafy green vegetables, berries, nuts, olive oil, fish, wine in moderation, and avoiding red meat. The point is these broad dietary recommendations are not new and not exclusive to affecting Alzheimer’s risk. Let’s just call it healthy eating.
In addition, physical and mentally stimulating activities – such as reading or crossword puzzles – are important as we age. Both diet and exercise may help with Alzheimer’s risk by virtue of preventing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease that can exacerbate cognitive decline. Most older adults cannot keep up the same rigorous workout routine they might have when they were younger. But exercising at least 150 minutes a week, whether by biking, walking, swimming, gardening or doing yard work, can increase the flow of blood to the brain, improve the health of blood vessels and raises the level of HDL cholesterol, which together help protect against both cardiovascular disease and dementia. One study found that people who engaged in more than six activities a month—including hobbies, reading, visiting friends, walking, volunteering, and attending religious services—had a 38% lower rate of developing dementia than people who did fewer activities. Along with physical and mental activity and a healthy diet, individuals who avoid smoking tobacco have a lower dementia risk.
There is mixed evidence about the use of fish oil supplements to improve thinking and memory in Alzheimer’s. Given the benefit for cardiovascular health, it is reasonable for most people to take a fish oil supplement. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of dementia of any cause, and supplementation is recommended for patients in whom deficiency is diagnosed. Finally, no dietary supplement has been proven to be effective in boosting memory or preventing dementia. It is wise to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any over-the-counter medications or supplements you are taking.
As with any recommendations, we must acknowledge that playing by the rules will not guarantee we will prevent Alzheimer’s (or any other disease, for that matter). Probably two-thirds of the risk of developing Alzheimer’s simply can’t be modified. But adopting a healthy lifestyle with heart- and brain-healthy diet and exercise habits will lessen your chances of developing any number of chronic and life-threatening illnesses. When we all work toward that goal, our entire community is healthier. That’s worth striving for!
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s dementia requires expensive testing looking for particular damage due to accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau protein, which cause the signature plaques and tangles in the brain. As a result, many patients with dementia never get tested and may not get labeled with actual Alzheimer’s disease. Regardless, most dementia – 80% – is the result of Alzheimer’s.
Alzheimer’s disease can last more than a decade, starting with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and relentlessly progressing to more difficulty solving problems, personality changes, getting lost, forgetting people or significant life events, and ultimately losing the ability to care for oneself, to toilet, to speak, to walk. Some people progress more rapidly than others. The Alzheimer’s Association website https://www.alz.org/ can be a great resource for caregivers or those wanting more information.
Unfortunately, currently available prescription medications, which may help somewhat with mental function, mood, behavior, and ability to perform activities of daily living (like bathing, dressing, eating, etc.), do little to change the course of the illness or the rate of decline. We don’t yet have a magic bullet.
Genetic factors can increase risk of dementia, but most dementia cases occur sporadically in older adults in whom multiple genes influence risk. We cannot – yet – modify our genes. Changing our lifestyle, however, is one way to improve the odds of developing dementia, even for those with high genetic risk. Many of the dietary and lifestyle habits and activities recommended to improve overall health (think heart disease, cancer, diabetes) may also be of some benefit with dementia.
One Mediterranean-type diet, which researchers named the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, focuses on foods that impact brain health: leafy green vegetables, berries, nuts, olive oil, fish, wine in moderation, and avoiding red meat. The point is these broad dietary recommendations are not new and not exclusive to affecting Alzheimer’s risk. Let’s just call it healthy eating.
In addition, physical and mentally stimulating activities – such as reading or crossword puzzles – are important as we age. Both diet and exercise may help with Alzheimer’s risk by virtue of preventing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease that can exacerbate cognitive decline. Most older adults cannot keep up the same rigorous workout routine they might have when they were younger. But exercising at least 150 minutes a week, whether by biking, walking, swimming, gardening or doing yard work, can increase the flow of blood to the brain, improve the health of blood vessels and raises the level of HDL cholesterol, which together help protect against both cardiovascular disease and dementia. One study found that people who engaged in more than six activities a month—including hobbies, reading, visiting friends, walking, volunteering, and attending religious services—had a 38% lower rate of developing dementia than people who did fewer activities. Along with physical and mental activity and a healthy diet, individuals who avoid smoking tobacco have a lower dementia risk.
There is mixed evidence about the use of fish oil supplements to improve thinking and memory in Alzheimer’s. Given the benefit for cardiovascular health, it is reasonable for most people to take a fish oil supplement. Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of dementia of any cause, and supplementation is recommended for patients in whom deficiency is diagnosed. Finally, no dietary supplement has been proven to be effective in boosting memory or preventing dementia. It is wise to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of any over-the-counter medications or supplements you are taking.
As with any recommendations, we must acknowledge that playing by the rules will not guarantee we will prevent Alzheimer’s (or any other disease, for that matter). Probably two-thirds of the risk of developing Alzheimer’s simply can’t be modified. But adopting a healthy lifestyle with heart- and brain-healthy diet and exercise habits will lessen your chances of developing any number of chronic and life-threatening illnesses. When we all work toward that goal, our entire community is healthier. That’s worth striving for!
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